[Download] "Testing Effects of Aerial Spray Technologies on Biting Flies and Nontarget Insects at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina, USA" by Mark Breidenbaugh # eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Testing Effects of Aerial Spray Technologies on Biting Flies and Nontarget Insects at the Parris Island Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina, USA
- Author : Mark Breidenbaugh
- Release Date : January 18, 2013
- Genre: Science & Nature,Books,Professional & Technical,Engineering,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 15514 KB
Description
Biting flies are pests and potential vectors at the Marine Corps Recruit Depot, South Carolina (PIMCRD). To prevent the disruption of military training, aerial pesticide applications using a US Air Force (USAF) C-130H are made. Biting midge (Ceratopogonidae) and mosquito (Culicidae) seasonal abundance and diel activity patterns were analyzed on the PIMCRD using CO2-baited suction traps from November 2001 – November 2004. Eighteen mosquito and 3 biting midge species were collected with Aedes taeniorhynchus the most abundant mosquito (42.7% of total) and Culicoides furens the most abundant (86.2% of total) biting midge. Activity of most biting midges and mosquitoes were highest the first 2 hours following sunset. Species of biting flies were present in all months. A new fuselage boom configuration on the USAF C-130H aircraft was characterized to determine the droplet spectra produced with flat-fan nozzles (8001, 8005). Across all trials, median droplet diameter for 8001 and 8005 nozzles were 11.4 ยตm and 54.3 ยตm, respectively. In addition, biting midge and mosquito mortality were analyzed with public health insecticides. Mosquito mortality was 100% 639 m downwind in single pass trials using bioassay cages and Dibrom. In wide-area applications of Dibrom, an 83-86% reduction of biting flies was observed. Overall, these field trials indicated that this new fuselage boom configuration creates effective droplet sizes and swath widths (i.e., 610 m) for USAF aerial vector control at the PIMCRD and elsewhere. Responses of nontarget insects to aerial pesticide applications were also studied. Malaise traps and yellow pan traps were used to determine nontarget insect diversity and abundance with before and after impact analysis. Total nontarget insect abundance was lower after sprays in Malaise trap collections in 2003 (P < 0.025), with these numbers decreasing by about 50%. However, there were no differences in total numbers after sprays in pan traps in 2005 (P = 0.756). Shannon diversity indices were not different after sprays in either year indicating that sprays had minimal impact on overall community biodiversity. Results indicate that there are some impacts on nontarget species from aerial sprays but applying sprays at dusk helps minimize these impacts while still controlling biting flies.